eastern cottonwood
(Populus deltoides ssp. deltoides)
Conservation • Wetland • Description • Habitat • Ecology • Use • Distribution • Taxonomy
Conservation Status |
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| IUCN Red List | not listed |
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| NatureServe | N5 - Secure SNR - Unranked |
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| Minnesota | not listed |
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Wetland Indicator Status |
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| Great Plains | FAC - Facultative |
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| Midwest | FAC - Facultative |
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| Northcentral & Northeast | FAC - Facultative |
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Description |
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Twigs are mostly reddish-brown, becoming tan or gray as they age. Winter buds are hairless. Early season leaves are relatively short-tapered (acuminate) at the tip. When they first emerge the underside is covered with long, soft, straight hairs. There are usually 3 to 6 finger-like, club-shaped glands at the base of the blade where it meets the leaf stalk (petiole). There are usually 12 to 20, sometimes up to 30, teeth per side of the early season leaf. Later season (neoformed) leaves are usually distinctly longer than wide. Flower stalks are variable in length, both long and short. |
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Height |
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60′ to 80′ |
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Record |
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There are no state champions of non-native trees. |
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Flower Color |
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Male reddish, female greenish |
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Similar Species |
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Plains cottonwood (Populus deltoides ssp. molinifera) twigs are mostly yellowish-brown, becoming tan as they age. Winter buds are covered with short, stiff hairs. Early season leaves are long acuminate at the tip. When they first emerge their underside is hairless. There are usually only 1 or 2 glands at the base of the leaf. There are just 7 to 15, sometimes up to 21, teeth per side of the early season leaf. Neoformed leaves are about as long as wide. Flower stalks are uniformly short. |
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Habitat |
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Moist. Bottomland deciduous woodlands. Full sun. Sandy or silty loam. |
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Ecology |
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Flowering |
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April |
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Pests and Diseases |
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Use |
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Distribution |
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Sources The map at left shows one occurrence in White Oaks Park in Rochester and one in Prospect Park in Minneapolis (light green on the map). and one in Albert Lea. Apart from the one sighting in Albert Lea (dark green), this subspecies has not been recorded outside of cultivation in Minnesota. |
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| 4/24/2023 | ||||
Nativity |
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Native south and east of Minnesota, including Ontario, Illinois, and Iowa |
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Occurrence |
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Taxonomy |
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| Kingdom | Plantae (green algae and land plants) | ||
| Subkingdom | Viridiplantae (green plants) | ||
| Infrakingdom | Streptophyta (land plants and green algae) | ||
| Superdivision | Embryophyta (land plants) | ||
| Division | Tracheophyta (vascular plants) | ||
| Subdivision | Spermatophytina (seed plants) | ||
| Class | Magnoliopsida (flowering plants) | ||
| Superorder | Rosanae | ||
Order |
Malpighiales (nances, willows, and allies) | ||
Family |
Salicaceae (willow) | ||
| Subfamily | Salicoideae | ||
| Tribe | Saliceae | ||
| Genus | Populus (poplars, cottonwoods, and aspens) | ||
| Section | Aigeiros | ||
| Species | Populus deltoides (eastern cottonwood) | ||
Synonyms |
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Populus angulata Populus angulata var. missouriensis Populus balsamifera var. missouriensis Populus balsamifera var. pilosa Populus balsamifera var. virginiana Populus canadensis var. virginiana Populus deltoides var. angulata Populus deltoides var. virginiana Populus deltoides var. pilosa Populus deltoides var. missouriensis Populus nigra var. virginiana Populus palmeri Populus virginiana Populus virginiana var. pilosa |
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Common Names |
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broad-leaved cottonwood eastern cottonwood eastern poplar necklace poplar southern cottonwood |
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Glossary
Acuminate
Gradually tapering with concave sides to a sharply pointed tip.
Petiole
On plants: The stalk of a leaf blade or a compound leaf that attaches it to the stem. On ants and wasps: The constricted first one or two segments of the rear part of the body.
Visitor Photos |
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Randy |
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trees in Albert Lea |
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Eastern cottonwood leaf, Freeborn Co., MN, May 2017 |
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Wind blown seed |
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Seed |
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Bark on a giant Eastern Cottonwood near MN/IA border |
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MinnesotaSeasons.com Photos |
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Slideshows |
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Visitor Videos |
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Other Videos |
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Visitor Sightings |
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Report a sighting of this plant. |
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| Randy 5/28/2017 |
Location: Albert Lea |
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| Randy 5/26/2017 |
Location: Freeborn Co., MN eastern cottonwood leaf |
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| Randy 5/23/2017 |
Location: near MN/IA border Bark on a giant Eastern Cottonwood near MN/IA border |
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MinnesotaSeasons.com Sightings |
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Created: 5/24/2017
Last Updated: