scarlet toothcup
(Ammannia coccinea)
Conservation • Wetland • Description • Habitat • Ecology • Use • Distribution • Taxonomy
Conservation Status |
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| IUCN Red List | not listed |
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| NatureServe | N5 - Secure SNR - Unranked |
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| Minnesota | not listed |
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Wetland Indicator Status |
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| Great Plains | OBL - Obligate wetland |
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| Midwest | OBL - Obligate wetland |
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| Northcentral & Northeast | OBL - Obligate wetland |
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Description |
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Scarlet toothcup plant is an annual rising from a shallow tuft of roots. The stems are erect to a height of about 1′ to 2′ or bend down near the base and lie on the ground. They are 4-angled, branched and hairless. The leaves are opposite, stalkless, untoothed, up to 3″ long, straight, and narrow, with more or less parallel sides. They narrow at the tip and widen at the base to nearly ear-like lobes that clasp the stem. They have a prominent central vein. They are green, sometimes tinted with red. The inflorescence is a tight cluster of 3 to 5 flowers rising from the leaf axils. The flowers are borne on short flower stalks, are about ¼″ wide, and have 4 or 5 small rose-purple petals. The fruit is a rounded capsule a little over ⅛″ in diameter containing many tiny seeds. |
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Height |
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1′ to 2′ |
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Flower Color |
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Rose-purple |
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Similar Species |
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Robust toothcup (Ammannia robusta) has light pink flowers and 1 to 3 flowers per leaf axil. It does not occur in Minnesota. Lowland rotala (Rotala ramosior) has white flowers and only a single flower per leaf axil. The leaves attach to the stem without a stalk but do not clasp the stem. |
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Habitat |
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Wet. Riverbanks, lake shores, roadside ditches, sloughs, swales, inland floodplane forests. Full sun. |
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Ecology |
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Flowering |
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July to October |
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Pests and Diseases |
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Use |
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Distribution |
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Sources |
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| 6/8/2023 | ||||
Nativity |
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Native |
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Occurrence |
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Taxonomy |
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| Kingdom | Plantae (green algae and land plants) | ||
| Subkingdom | Viridiplantae (green plants) | ||
| Infrakingdom | Streptophyta (land plants and green algae) | ||
| Superdivision | Embryophyta (land plants) | ||
| Division | Tracheophyta (vascular plants) | ||
| Subdivision | Spermatophytina (seed plants) / Angiospermae (flowering plants) | ||
| Class | Magnoliopsida (flowering plants) | ||
| Superorder | Rosanae | ||
Order |
Myrtales (myrtles, evening primroses, and allies) | ||
Family |
Lythraceae (lythrum) | ||
| Genus | Ammannia (redstems) | ||
Subordinate Taxa |
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Synonyms |
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Ammannia coccinea ssp. longifolia Ammannia coccinea ssp. purpurea Ammannia latifolia var. octandra Ammannia pedunculata Ammannia pubiflora Ammannia purpurea Ammannia sagittata var. angustifolia Ammannia sanguinolenta Ammannia sanguinolenta ssp. purpurea Ammannia stylosa Ammannia teres |
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Common Names |
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purple ammannia scarlet ammannia scarlet loosestrife scarlet toothcup toothcup valley redstem |
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Glossary
Axil
The upper angle where the leaf stalk meets the stem.
Linear
Long, straight, and narrow, with more or less parallel sides, like a blade of grass.
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