(Cervus canadensis)
Conservation • Description • Habitat • Biology • Distribution • Taxonomy
Conservation Status |
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IUCN Red List | LC - Least Concern |
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NatureServe | N5 - Secure S3 - Vulnerable |
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Minnesota | Special Concern Species in Greatest Conservation Need |
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Description |
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Size |
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Total length: 5¾′ to 8¾′ Mass: 147 lb to 110 lb |
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Similar Species |
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Habitat |
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Open brushlands and grasslands with nearby woodlands or forested areas |
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Biology |
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Behavior |
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Lifespan |
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20 years or more |
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Life Cycle |
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Food |
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Distribution |
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Sources The map at left does not include historical township records in Becker, Clay, Clearwater, Kanabec, Polk, Rice, Sibley, and Stearns Counties. The observation in Rice County is an elk shot in Whitewater Wildlife Management Area on 11/8/2020. The identification was confirmed by a Minnesota DNR Conservation Officer. It was probably an escapee form a nearby game farm. |
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8/18/2022 | ||||
Occurrence |
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Rare |
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Taxonomy |
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Class | Mammalia (mammals) | ||
Subclass | Theria | ||
Infraclass | Eutheria (placental mammals) | ||
Magnorder | Boreoeutheria | ||
Superorder | Laurasiatheria (ungulates, carnivorans, and allies) | ||
Order | Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates and cetaceans) | ||
Suborder | Ruminantia (ruminants) | ||
Infraorder | Pecora | ||
Family |
Cervidae (deer) | ||
Subfamily |
Cervinae (Old World deer) | ||
Tribe | Cervini (typical Old World deer) | ||
Genus |
Cervus (red deer, deer, wapiti) | ||
Elk was formerly named Cervus elaphus canadensis, one of numerous subspecies of red deer (Cervus elaphus). A mitochondrial study published in 2004 indicated that it should be recognized as a separate species. |
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Subordinate Taxa |
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Under the new classification, there is disagreement about the number of subspecies. Fourteen subspecies of C. canadensis have been described. Recent DNA studies suggest that there are only three or four subspecies, that all North American elk belong to the subspecies C. c. canadensis, and that regional differences are local adaptations and should be considered ecotypes or races. Minnesota lies within the historical range of Eastern elk (C. c. canadensis) and Manitoban elk (C. c. manitobensis). The former is now extinct and the latter is extirpated due to hunting and the gradual disappearance of suitable habitat. Rocky Mountain elk (C. c. nelsoni) have been widely transplanted in the United States. Today, most elk in North America, including Minnesota’s two populations, are Rocky Mountain elk. |
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Northern and American group Altai wapiti (Cervus canadensis sibiricus) Eastern elk (Cervus canadensis canadensis) extinct Manitoban elk (Cervus canadensis manitobensis) Merriam’s elk (Cervus canadensis merriami) extinct Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus canadensis nelsoni) Roosevelt elk (Cervus canadensis roosevelti) Tian Shan wapiti (Cervus canadensis songaricus) Tule elk (Cervus canadensis nannodes)
Eastern group Alashan wapiti (Cervus canadensis alashanicus) Manchurian wapiti (Cervus canadensis xanthopygus)
Southern group (Central Asian red deer) Kansu red deer (Cervus canadensis kansuensis) Kashmir stag (Cervus canadensis hanglu) MacNeill’s deer (Cervus canadensis macneilli) Tibetan red deer (Cervus canadensis wallichii) |
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Synonyms |
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Cervus elaphus canadensis |
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Common Names |
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elk red deer wapiti |
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Visitor Photos |
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MinnesotaSeasons.com Photos |
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Slideshows |
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Cervus elaphus (American Elk) Allen Chartier |
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Rocky Mountain Elk Dan Dzurisin |
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Elk Diane Higdem Photography |
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Visitor Videos |
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Other Videos |
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Elk vs. Photographer | Great Smoky Mountains National Park Vince M. Camiolo |
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About
Published on Nov 12, 2013 Update: I've been in contact with the photographer in the above video and we would both like to issue a statement regarding the news of the National Park Service's decision to put the elk down. My statement: I spoke to the reporter who broke the story and she assured me the decision was based on a pattern of aggressive behavior that began prior to the incident documented in this video. The behavior was the result of visitors feeding the elk and conditioning them to seek food from humans. This video only serves as an example of the elk's dangerous behavior, not an impetus to it. Again, it brings me great sadness to learn of this beautiful animal's demise and the unfortunate circumstances surrounding it. I'm looking into a destination for proceeds from this video to help the NPS educate visitors on the dangers and consequences of feeding wildlife. I also want to be clear that James, the photographer, was not complicit in a behavior that led to the elk's demise, but rather was made an example of the result of such behaviors. The elk approached him from behind, likely looking for food as he was conditioned to do. Statement from James (the photographer): I'm truly heartbroken to know he is gone. Original video description: But the elk became more interested in making trouble than simply the scent of a camera. He started physically harassing the photographer, escallating to full on head-butts. I quickly switched the camera to video and let it roll (much of the time wondering when I should seriously consider intervening). Most people who see this ask why the photographer seems to just take the abuse. I asked him in an email what was going through his head. This is his response: "My first thoughts were "wow, he's getting pretty damn close here." But I've been up close before without incident. I hoped being still and passive would see him pass on. When he lowered his antlers to me, I wanted to keep my vitals protected and my head down. I felt that standing up would provoke him more and leave me more vulnerable to goring. I think that while protecting myself with my head down, having my head down was a signal that I was rutting with him. I was concerned at first, but when he started rearing back and lunging at me later on, I got scared and pissed off. That's when I wagged my finger at him to cut that shit out. I was relieved to see the Ranger coming. So I guess at some point if the Ranger hadn't of pulled up, I would have had to disengage the best I could. I've joked with my friends that at least he took me for a buck and not a cow!" This video is managed by Newsflare. To use this video for broadcast or in a commercial player email newsdesk@newsflare.com or call +44 (0)843 2895191. Please feel free to browse my stock archive at: Or get more info at my site: Thanks for checking out the video! |
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Rocky Mountain Elk (Cervus canadensis nelsoni) Bugle jdeuce13 |
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About
Published on Sep 26, 2014 The elk of Rocky Mountain National Park are in full rut, which means a lot of dinosaur-like calls echoing across the subsantial elk habitat here. The bugle you hear is used to intimidate other males, or to initiate a sparring. It also seems to attract females. A few days ago, there was a showdown between a few smaller males and this massive bull elk, who's harem numbered in the dozens. He managed to chase off the younger males and keep his harem largely intact, although he may have lost a few cows in the fray. |
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Answer the Call -- Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation |
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About
Uploaded on Apr 19, 2010 Elk and other wildlife combine with quotations from legendary conservationists. |
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Elk In America (Trailer) Janson Media |
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About
Published on Nov 28, 2012 http://www.janson.com/rights/2012/10/01/elk-in-america/ This international award-winning, wildlife documentary captures the life cycle of elk amidst the unforgettable images of the Rocky Mountains. Filmed over three years by renowned, wildlife cinematographer, Gary W. Griffen, the superb images and original soundtrack will immerse you in the elk's natural environment. Narrated by actor Stacy Keach, Elk in America provides the viewer with a better understanding of when elk came to North America, their mystical relationship with Native Americans and their drastic decline when settlers spread westward. |
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Listen: These Elk Sound Terrifying, Like Ringwraiths | National Geographic National Geographic |
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About
Published on Apr 21, 2016 Scientists have solved one of nature's greatest mysteries: How do big bull elks produce an eerie shriek that sounds like the Ringwraiths from The Lord of the Rings? About National Geographic: Get More National Geographic: Read more about how these large North American deer produce their bloodcurdling screams: http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/04/160420-elk-animals-science-sounds-wildlife/ Video courtesy Roland Frey Listen: These Elk Sound Terrifying, Like Ringwraiths | National Geographic National Geographic |
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