Minnesota Seasons - softhair marbleseed


Conservation Status	IUCN Red List	not listed

	NatureServe	NNR - Unranked SNR - Unranked

	Minnesota	not listed

Nativity	Native
Occurrence
Habitat	Moderately dry. Prairies, open woods. Full sun.
Flowering	June to July
Flower Color	Dull white or greenish white
Height	12″ to 48″
				Photo by Bill Reynolds

Identification	This is a 12″ to 48″ tall, erect or ascending, perennial forb that rises on several stems from a stout, woody root. The stems are erect, and leafy. They often have a few branches above the middle. They are moderately to densely covered with spreading, short and long hairs. Basal leaves are absent and lower leaves withered or absent by the time the plant is in flower.Stem leaves are alternate, stalkless, unlobed, and untoothed. The leaf blades are lance-shaped to narrowly egg-shaped, ¾″ to 5½″long, and ½″ to 1½″ wide. They are angled or tapered at the base and angled or tapered to a sharp point at the tip. There is a midvein and 2 or 3 pairs of lateral veins that curve toward the leaf tip. The veins are strongly recessed on the upper surface, strongly raised on the lower surface. The upper leaf surface is densely covered with more or less spreading hairs, some of them longer and some shorter. The lower surface is moderately to densely covered with softer hairs, some of them longer and some shorter. The inflorescence is a crowded, one-sided, coiled, unbranched, spike-like cluster (raceme) at the ends of the stem and branches. The shape of the raceme resembles a scorpion’s tail. The flowers are ⅓″ to ⅔″ long, 1½ to 2 times as long as wide, and tubular-shaped, converging to a point near the tip with straight sides along the tip. The 5 petals are dull white or greenish white and hairy. The style protrudes from the floral tube. These flowers mature reproductively well before the petals are developed. The fruit is a white, smooth, dull, marble-like, 1 ⁄16″ to ⅛″ (2.5 to 3 mm) in diameter nutlet. It is flared at the base into a small collar around the attachment point. It remains on the plant throughout the winter.

Similar Species	Western marbleseed (Lithospermum occidentale) is the western species. It is a shorter plant, reaching only 28″ in height. The leaves are much smaller, no more than 3⅛″ long and ¾″ wide. The nutlet is shiny and over ⅛″ in diameter. It does not have a collar around the attachment point.

Distribution			Sources: 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 24, 28.

Comments	Taxonomy The nomenclature for this species has been in flux for the last decade. It was originally listed as Onosmodium molle ssp. hispidissimum. In 1995 it was renamed Onosmodium bejariense var. hispidissimum (Turner, 1995). In 2009, based on a reassessment of DNA data, all of the species in the genus Onosmodium and four other genera were transferred to the genus Lithospermum. This subspecies, along with ssp. occidentale (western marbleseed), became synonyms of Lithospermum onosmodium. In December, 2011, the former subspecies of Onosmodium bejariense were raised to specific rank (Cohen and Davis, 2011). The new name of this species, complete with author, is Lithospermum parviflorum Weakley, Witsell & D. Estes. The following reputable and current (online) sources do not agree on the scientific name for this plant.
		Lithospermum molle
			NCBI

		Lithospermum occidentale (not differentiated from western marbleseed)
			BONAP

		Lithospermum onosmodium (not differentiated from western marbleseed)
			GRIN

		Onosmodium bejariense var. hispidissimum
			ITIS USDA Plants MNTaxa (Minnesota)

	The name Lithospermum parviflorum, used on MinnesotaSeasons.com, is from Weakley, et al (see Source below), the source of the most recent taxonomic revision.

	Source: Weakley, A.S., R.J. LeBlond, B. Sorrie, C.T. Witsell, L.D. Estes, K. Gandhi, K.G. Mathews, and A. Ebihara. 2011. New combinations, rank changes, and nomenclatural and taxonomic comments in the vascular flora of the southeastern United States. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 5: 437-455.

Taxonomy	Family:	Boraginaceae (borage)
	Subfamily:	Boraginoideae

Synonyms	Lithospermum carolinianum Onosmodium bejariense var. hispidissimum Onosmodium hispidissimum Onosmodium hispidissimum var. macrospermum Onosmodium molle ssp. hispidissimum Onosmodium molle var. hispidissimum

Common Names	hairy false gromwell shaggy false gromwell softhair marbleseed

Glossary

Raceme

An unbranched, elongated inflorescence with stalked flowers. The flowers mature from the bottom up.


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Bill Reynolds

Almost walk right by this plant, til an American Bumble Bee landed on one of the flowers, drawing my attention to the swaying bumble.




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Bill Reynolds 6/27/2017	Location: Pennington County MN Almost walk right by this plant, til an American Bumble Bee landed on one of the flowers, drawing my attention to the swaying bumble.




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softhair marbleseed

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