Eastern American Jack-o’-Lantern Mushroom

(Omphalotus illudens)

Conservation Status
Eastern American Jack-o’-Lantern Mushroom
Photo by Gerry Garcia
  IUCN Red List

not listed

 
  NatureServe

not listed

 
  Minnesota

not listed

 
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
 
Description
 
 

Eastern American Jack-o’-Lantern Mushroom is a poisonous, bioluminescent, gill mushroom. It occurs in North America east of the Great Plains. It is found in woodlands growing on the trunk or stump of a hardwood, especially oak, or on the ground gaining nutrients from tree roots. It is usually small and found in large clusters. Occasionally, it is larger and solitary.

The stalk is 1½ to 8 long, to 1½ thick, solid, fleshy, and dry. It may be positioned centered of off-centered. It is the same color as the cap but paler. It may taper to the base or be equal in width for most of its length. There is no cup-like covering (volva) at the base of the stalk, and there are no remnants of a universal veil clinging to the stalk. When growing in groups the stalks are attached.

The cap is 1½ to 6¼ in diameter, smooth, and dry, not slimy or sticky to the touch. It is broadly convex at first, becoming flat or depressed to funnel-shaped with age. It is bright yellowish-orange to orange (pumpkin-colored).

The flesh is yellowish, more or less the color of the cap but paler. It is inedible.

The gills are closely spaced and bright yellowish-orange to orange. They are narrow and sharp, like the edge of a knife, and are not forked. They are usually luminescent when fresh, though this may be difficult to see. They are completely attached (adnate) or extend down along the stalk (decurrent).

The spore print is white to yellowish.

 
     
 

Similar Species

 
  Chanterelle (Cantharellus cibarius) has a long growing season and can be found in the spring. It is usually solitary. When in groups the stalks are separate, not joined at the base. The stalk is shorter. The gills are forked near the end (toward the margin of the cap) into two branches. They are shallow and the edges are thick, appearing as if “melted”. It is edible.  
     
 
Habitat and Hosts
 
 

The trunks, stumps, and roots of hardwoods, especially oaks

 
     
 
Ecology
 
 

Season

 
 

Late summer to fall

 
     
 

Bioluminescence

 
 

Eastern American Jack-o’-Lantern Mushroom is said to be bioluminescent, to glow in the dark. The gills emit a green glow due to the enzyme luciferase acting upon the compound luciferin. One report had it bright enough to read a newspaper by. More trusted sources suggest that the green glow is very faint and may not always be visible to human eyes. To see the light it is suggested that a person take a fresh, actively growing specimen into a closet, close the door, and wait 30 minutes for their eyes to become accustomed to the dark. Only then will a dim green glow be visible… or not.

 
     
 
Distribution
 
 

Distribution Map

 

Sources

4, 7, 24, 26, 29, 30, 77.

 
  1/26/2023      
         
 

Occurrence

 
 

Common

 
         
 
Taxonomy
 
  Kingdom Fungi (fungi)  
  Subkingdom Dikarya  
  Division Basidiomycota (club fungi)  
  Subdivision Agaricomycotina (jelly fungi, yeasts, and mushrooms)  
  Class Agaricomycetes (mushrooms, bracket fungi, puffballs, and allies)  
  Subclass Agaricomycetidae  
  Order Agaricales (common gilled mushrooms and allies)  
  Suborder Marasmiineae  
  Family Omphalotaceae  
  Genus Omphalotus (Jack-o’-lantern mushrooms)  
       
 

Eastern American Jack-o’-Lantern Mushroom was originally described in 1822 and named Agaricus illudens. In 1887 it was reclassified as Clitocybe illudens. In 1979 it was moved again and acquired its current name, Omphalotus illudens. Some authors today consider it the same as the European species and give it that name, Omphalotus olearius. However, that is not widely accepted nor is it supported by recent research.

 
       
 

Synonyms

 
 

Agaricus olearius

Agaricus olearius ssp. olearius

Clitocybe illudens

Clitocybe olearia

Omphalotus olearius

Pleurotus olearius

 
       
 

Common Names

 
 

Eastern American Jack-o’-Lantern Mushroom

Eastern Jack-o’-Lantern Mushroom

Jack-o’-Lantern Mushroom

 
       
 

Eastern American Jack-o’-Lantern Mushroom gets its common name from its bright orange color, its appearance around Halloween, and its eerie green glow in the dark.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Glossary

Universal veil

An egg-like structure that envelopes all or most of a developing gill mushroom. Remnants of the universal veil sometimes visible on a mature mushroom are patchy warts on the cap, a ring on the stalk, and a volva at the base of the stalk.

 

Volva

Also called cup. A cup-like covering at the base of a mushroom stem, sometimes buried. It is the remnants of the universal veil ruptured by the mushroom pushing through. It is found on Amanita, Volvariella, and some other mushrooms.

 
 
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Gerry Garcia

 
 

Jack O' Lantern mushrooms along the Hidden Falls Trail in Nerstrand Big Woods State Park in Rice County, MN

  Eastern American Jack-o’-Lantern Mushroom  
           
    Eastern American Jack-o’-Lantern Mushroom   Eastern American Jack-o’-Lantern Mushroom  
 

Jill Jacobson

 
 

Found them off of Vergas Trail.

 
    Eastern American Jack-o’-Lantern Mushroom      
 

Kendra Sommerfeld

 
    Eastern American Jack-o’-Lantern Mushroom      
 

Magic Mountain Mushroom Hunters

 
    Eastern American Jack-o’-Lantern Mushroom      
 

Cory Schultz

 
    Eastern American Jack-o’-Lantern Mushroom      
           
 
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Other Videos
 
  Jack O'Lantern Mushroom (Omphalotus illudens)
colong7034
 
   
 
About

Published on Jun 16, 2015

Jack O'Lantern Mushroom (Omphalotus illudens). Fantastic bright orange poisonous toadstool found growing in large clumps on dead trees, roots, or stumps. As the mushroom ages the center becomes sunken, forming a bowl or cup. The mushroom gets its name because of its color (like a pumpkin) and the fact that its gills are reputed to glow in the dark (I'll have to go back and check at night!). Shot 6/15/15 in Transylvania County, NC

Music: Unde Altus by Dano at DanoSongs.com

   
  Orange Jack-O-Lantern Mushrooms And Puffball Mushrooms
Hans Moore
 
   
 
About

Published on Aug 25, 2015

http://youtu.be/A-Qr-NyoYI0 Orange Jack-O-Lantern Mushrooms And Puffball Mushrooms

The Ompha-lotus illudens commonly known as Jack-o-lantern mushrooms, which is a large orange mushroom found in clumps on decaying wood or buried roots or at the base of hardwood trees in Eastern North America. It’s gills often exhibit a weak blue green color bioluminescene and in low light the gills will glow underneath the mushroom head. The glowing is due to an enzyme Luci ferase and a compound called luciferin leading the emission of light much like a firefly. Yet, do not let the beautiful orange and the emission of glowing light seduce you with its beauty. Jack-o-lantern mushrooms are extremely poisonous and toxic to humans. The poisonous chemical compounds are illudin. Jack-o-lantern mushrooms eaten raw or cooked will cause severe simultaneous vomiting, cramps and diarrhea, which can last 2 days.

The Puffball mushroom is a member of several groups of fungi. The distinguishing feature of all puffball mushrooms is that they do not have an open mushroom cap with spore-bearing gills. Instead, spores are produced internally, in a spheroidal fruitbody pod. As the spores mature, they form a mass called a gleba in the center of the fruit body, Eventually the puffball develops an aperture an opening or dries and becomes brittle, and splits, and the spores escape.

The Puffball fungi mushrooms are called puffballs because clouds of brown dust-like spores are emitted when the mature fruitbody bursts, or in response to impacts such as those of falling raindrops or when stepped by an animal or human.

, Jack-O-Lantern Orange Mushrooms, Wild Orange Mushrooms, Mushrooms and Fungi, Hans Moore,

Omphalotus olearius, Poisonous mushrooms, Jack-O-Lantern mushrooms, Puffball mushrooms, Giant Puffball Mushroom, Calvatia cynathiformis, Hard Shell Puffball Mushrooms, Are mushrooms poisonous,

Can you eat mushrooms found in your yard, how to tell if mushrooms are poisonous, Is it safe to eat raw mushrooms?

   
  Chanterelle Look Alikes - Toxic Jack O' Lantern Mushroom Identification
MiWilderness
 
   
 
About

Published on Aug 17, 2013

Chanterelle look alikes. Toxic jack o' lantern mushroom identification. The jack o' lantern mushroom, Omphalotus olearius or Omphalotus illudens, may be confused with edible chanterelle mushrooms, but the color of the flesh and gills are a dead giveaway that the two fungi are completely different.

Jack o' lanterns are saprobic meaning they grow from wood, whereas chanterelles are not saprobes. But, as you can see in this video the jack o' lanterns appear to be growing from the ground not wood. I find many jack o' lantern mushrooms growing in open lawns and I find chanterelles that appear to be growing from wood. These habitat and growth characteristics are listed in most field guides and mushroom identification books, but, they are not nearly as reliable as paying close attention to the gills and color of the flesh, i.e. the physical features of the fungi in question.

Paying close attention to physical features of mushrooms is critically important in order to get a positive identification. As long as one pays close attention to the physical characteristics of fungi, most of the common and abundant gourmet edible fungi can be easily and safely identified for the table.

Jack O' Lantern mushrooms have been reported to glow in the dark, a bioluminescent fungi.

To see mushroom, plant, garden and outdoor photos, field guides I use, plant and mushroom identification books, and other interesting stuff visit me on Facebook www.facebook.com/michigan.wilderness

Thanks for watching, commenting, subscribing to, and supporting this channel. If you like this video please give a thumbs up and share it with othe

   
  Omphalotus illudens : Champimaginatis. English Text
jean pierre Piétri
 
   
 
About

Uploaded on Oct 18, 2009

Omphalotus olearius. Omphaloyus olearia, Clitocybe ou Pleurote de l'olivier. Vénéneux ! English Text

   
  MICOLOGIA - Omphalotus olearius
Stefano Antonello
 
   
 
About

Published on Jan 22, 2014

Altro strepitoso video del Micologo Nicola Amalfi su una specie fungina che ogni anno è causa di avvelenamenti. Con la spiegazione fornita dal Dott. Amalfi tutto questo può essere evitato.

BUONA VISIONE!!!

Stefano&Antonello in collaborazione con il Dott. Nicola Amalfi.

   

 

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  Gerry Garcia
9/1/2019

Location: Nerstrand Big Woods State Park

Jack O' Lantern mushrooms along the Hidden Falls Trail in Nerstrand Big Woods State Park in Rice County, MN

Eastern American Jack-o’-Lantern Mushroom  
  Jill Jacobson
8/24/2019

Location: Detroit Lakes, MN

Found them off of Vergas Trail.

Eastern American Jack-o’-Lantern Mushroom  
  Kendra Sommerfeld
10/10/2016

Location: Mendota Heights, MN

Eastern American Jack-o’-Lantern Mushroom  
  Magic Mountain Mushroom Hunters
8/20/2016

Location: Hackensack, MN

Eastern American Jack-o’-Lantern Mushroom  
           
 
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