downy gentian

not listed

N4? - Apparently Secure

SNR - Unranked

not listed

Downy gentian is a 8″ to 20″ tall, erect, perennial forb that rises on 1 to 5 stems from a long, stout taproot

The stems erect or slightly reclining, slightly reddish, and rarely branched. They are densely covered with minute hairs, often in lines on the stem angles.

The leaves are opposite, lance-shaped to linear lance-shaped, firm, ½″ to 3″ long, and ⅛″ to ¾″ wide. They are widest below the middle. They have 1 main vein and 2 smaller lateral veins. The upper surface is green, shiny and hairless. The lower surface is paler green and hairless except for a line of hairs along the base of the midvein. The margins are untoothed and rolled under. The margins are rough to the touch only near the base of the blade with short, rounded, nipple-like bumps or minute, stiff hairs, but they do not have a fringe of minute hairs along the entire margin.

The inflorescence is a cluster of 1 to 10 flowers at the top of the stem and sometimes individual flowers rising on short stalks from the upper leaf axils. There is a pair of large, leaf-like bracts below the terminal inflorescence.

The flowers are 13 ⁄16″ to 2⅜″ long and about 1″ wide when fully open.

There are 5 green sepals (calyx) fused at the base into a ¼″ to 11 ⁄16″ long tube, then separated into 5 linear, often leaf-like, ⅛″ to ¾″ long, 1 ⁄32″ to ⅛″ wide lobes. The calyx tube is hairless and the calyx lobes are minutely hairy along the midribs.

There are 5 blue petals alternating with 5 obviously shorter plaits, all fused at the base and for most of their length into a bell shaped, 1⅜″ to 23 ⁄16″ long corolla tube, then separated into 5 lobes. The lobes are egg-shaped, ⅛″ to ⅜″ long, spreading, sometimes bent backwards, shallowly toothed, and abruptly pointed at the tip. The plaits may toothed, fringed, or shallowly split. The base of the corolla tube is whitish with green veins. The remainder of the corolla tube and the corolla lobes are usually bright blue or sometimes pale blue. The outside of the tube is tinged with green and purple. The inside is white with blue stripes. The lobes are solid blue.

In the center of the corolla tube is a pistil with a white, 2-lobed stigma, surrounded by 5 stamens with white filaments and white anthers. The anthers are separate, not fused together.

The fruit is an elliptical, one-chambered capsule with numerous seeds.

8″ to 20″

Blue or white with blue markings

Pleated gentian (Gentiana affinis) flower is smaller and the lobes of the flower are often unequal in size, sometimes virtually suppressed. The corolla tube is often cleft once or twice, especially when a lobe is suppressed. The corolla lobes have numerous, conspicuous, pale or white spots.

Dry. Prairies, upland woods. Limy, sandy soil.

August to October

Sources

2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 28, 29, 30.

Native

Plant

Inflorescence

Flower

Infructescence