(Anaxyrus americanus americanus)
Conservation Status | IUCN Red List |
LC - Least Concern |
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NatureServe |
N5 - Secure S5 - Secure |
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Minnesota |
not listed |
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Occurrence | Common and abundant |
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Habitat | A wide variety of habitats, from forests to prairies, with semi-permanent water adjacent to dense vegetation. |
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Lifespan | 5 to 8 years |
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Size | |
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Photo by Bill Reynolds | |||||||
Identification | This is the most common toad in Minnesota. It can be 2″ to 4″, averaging 3″, at maturity. The background color is usually brown, rarely greenish, red, or gray. There are brown to black spots, sometimes bordered in white, on the back. The spots contain 1 or 2 warts. There are 2 cranial ridges between the eyes. These ridges do not join at the front or back. There are 2 large warts behind the eyes. These are the paratoid glands, which secrete a toxin to discourage predators. |
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Similar Species |
Canadian toad (Anaxyrus hemiophrys) background color is lighter, white or light brown. The warts on the back may be black, brown, or reddish. The 2 cranial ridges join at the rear to form a prominent bump (boss). In Minnesota it is found only in the west-central and northwest regions. |
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Tadpole Food | Algae, plant tissue, organic debris |
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Adult Food | Small terrestrial insects and other invertebrates |
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Life Cycle | Eggs are laid in the early May. Larvae hatch in 3 to 12 days. The tadpole stage lasts 40 to 70 days. Toadlets emerge in late June or early July. Sexual maturity is reached in 2 or 3 years. Most individuals do not survive the tadpole stage. Those that do may reach 10 years of age, but most reach only 5 to 8 years of age in the wild. Adults hibernate in the coldest winter months and may aestivate during the hot, dry months of summer. |
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Behavior |
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Distribution | Sources: 7, 11, 12, 13, 14, 24. | ||||||
Comments | Taxonomy Subspecies |
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Taxonomy | Superorder: |
Batrachia (amphibians) |
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Order: |
Anura (frogs and toads) |
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Suborder: |
Neobatrachia |
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Superfamily: |
Hyloidea |
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Family: |
Bufonidae (true toads) |
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Subfamily: |
Raninae |
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Synonyms | Bufo americanus americanus |
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Common Names |
American toad eastern American toad |
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aestivate
A period of reduced metabolic activity in the summer, similar to hibernation.
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Bill Reynolds |
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MinnesotaSeasons.com Photos |
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Eastern American Toad (Anaxyrus americanus americanus) WisCBMnetwork |
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About
Published on Apr 30, 2012 WI Frog and Toad Survey: http://wiatri.net/inventory/FrogToadSurvey/ WDNR Eastern American Toad profile: http://dnr.wi.gov/org/land/er/biodiversity/index.asp?mode=info&Grp=21&SpecCode=AAABB01020 |
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Eastern American Toad Tadpole Die Off Scott Tucker |
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About
Uploaded on Jan 25, 2012 In this 2 minute scene from Expedition New England's episode #86 Scott Tucker and his family stumble upon a die off of thousands of Eastern American Toad tadpoles in a Vermont river bed . This was a very unexpected breeding area since these amphibians are usually found in vernal pools that are isolated from fish habitat. Was this a sign of climate change where our aquatic environments are drying up too quickly or was it just a typical seasonal fluctuation? Either way the fact remains that thousands of these creatures never metamorphosed into toads and their gene pool is gone. |
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American toad calling HerpNet |
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About
Uploaded on Mar 20, 2009 American toad calling |
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American toads calling 2 HerpNet |
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About
Uploaded on Dec 19, 2009 American toad calling from a flooded stream. |
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