typical treehoppers
(Subfamily Smiliinae)
Overview • Description • Distribution • Taxonomy
Overview |
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Smiliinae is a subfamily of typical treehoppers. There are about 100 genera in 10 tribes worldwide. There are at least 210 species in about 40 genera in 7 tribes, and three genera that have not been assigned to tribes, in North America north of Mexico. There are at least 71 species in at least 21 genera in Minnesota. All Smiliinae species are native to the Americas, and a few species have been introduced in Europe, Asia, and the Oceanic region. |
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Description |
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The rear extension of the exoskeletal plate covering the thorax (pronotum) completely covers the plate between the wings (scutellum). In some groups it also partially conceals the wings when at rest. The abdomen usually does not have conspicuous pits. On the forewings, the R4+5 vein is merged with the M1+2 vein at least near the end. The radial-media (r-m) cross vein is absent. The narrow area (clavus) behind the scutellum when the wings are closed is squared off (truncate) at the end. On the hind legs the first segment (coxa) and second segment (trochanter) do not have spines; the fourth segment (tibia) does not have a leaf-like extension; and on most species there are three rows of enlarged hairs (cucullate setae) on the hind tibia. |
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Distribution |
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Sources |
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| 1/27/2023 | ||||
Taxonomy |
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Order |
Hemiptera (true bugs, hoppers, aphids, and allies) | ||
Suborder |
Auchenorrhyncha (true hoppers) | ||
Infraorder |
Cicadomorpha (spittlebugs, cicadas, leafhoppers and treehoppers) | ||
Superfamily |
Membracoidea (leafhoppers and treehoppers) | ||
Family |
Membracidae (typical treehoppers) | ||
Subordinate Taxa |
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buffalo treehoppers (Tribe Ceresini) Tribe Acutalini Tribe Amastrini Tribe Micrutalini Tribe Polyglyptini Tribe Quadrinarein Tribe Smiliini Tribe Telamonini Tribe Thuridini Tribe Tragopini Incertae sedis (uncertain placement) Antianthe spp. Hemicardiacus spp. Smilirhexia spp. Tropidarnis spp. |
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Synonyms |
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Common Names |
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This subfamily has no common name. The common name of the Family Membracidae is typical treehoppers, and it is used here for convenience. |
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Glossary
Coxa
The first segment of the leg of an insect, attaching the leg to the body, and connected to the trochanter. Plural: coxae.
Pronotum
The exoskeletal plate on the upper side of the first segment of the thorax of an insect.
Scutellum
The exoskeletal plate covering the rearward (posterior) part of the middle segment of the thorax in some insects. In Coleoptera, Hemiptera, and Homoptera, the dorsal, often triangular plate behind the pronotum and between the bases of the front wings. In Diptera, the exoskeletal plate between the abdomen and the thorax.
Tibia
The fourth segment of an insect leg, after the femur and before the tarsus (foot). The fifth segment of a spider leg or palp.
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Created: 1/27/2023
Last Updated: