Minnesota True Bugs, Hoppers, Aphids,
and Allies
Order Hemiptera |
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Hemiptera (true bugs) is the order of insects that is characterized by having piercing and sucking proboscis (mouthparts), and wings that are thickened at the base but membraneous (thin, flexible, and often transparent) at the end. The order includes true bugs, whiteflies, aphids, scales, mealybugs, cicadas, leafhoppers, treehoppers, planthoppers, and spittlebugs. There are about 80,000 named Hemiptera species in 37 families worldwide, 10,200 species in about 1,600 genera in North America north of Mexico. |
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Recent Additions |
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Coppery leafhopper |
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Coppery leafhopper (Jikradia olitoria) is a common, medium-sized, slender leafhopper. It occurs throughout the eastern half of the United States and in adjacent Canadian provinces. In Minnesota it has been recorded only in the southeast quarter of the state. Little is known of the biology of leafhoppers in the subfamily Coelidiinae. Coppery leafhopper is said to feed on woody species. In 1975 it was suggested that the subspecies Jikradia olitoria floridana was a vector of strawberry pallidosis. This was later rejected when in 2006 the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum was discovered to be the true vector of the disease. Coppery leafhopper adults are about ¼″ long and variable in color. They are usually light brownish-gray to medium brownish-black, sometimes dark and bluish, sometimes entirely light brownish-yellow. Females always have pale wing bands. Males are always dark brown or rusty brown and have no pale bands. |
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| Photo by Alfredo Colon | ||||
Green plant bug |
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Plant bugs (family Miridae) is the largest family of true bugs (suborder Heteroptera). There are more than 10,000 known species worldwide, several hundred in North America. Green plant bug (Ilnacora malina) is a small, soft-bodied true bug, a medium-sized to large plant bug. It occurs in the United States east of the Great Plains, from Vermont to Minnesota south to Missouri and Virginia, and in adjacent Canadian provinces. Based on the number of reported sightings in North America, it is not very common. Green plant bug is green with black spots on the forewings and thorax. The forewings have a black membranous section at the tip. The antennae are very long, as long as the forewings. The legs are long, delicate, and green. Green plant bug is found from mid-June to late July in damp, shady, grassy and weedy areas. It sucks the juices from the leaves and stems of giant ragweed, goldenrod, and possibly other plants. |
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| Photo by Alfredo Colon | ||||
Four-lined plant bug |
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Four-lined plant bug (Poecilocapsus lineatus) is a small, soft-bodied, colorful, true bug. It is common in northeastern and midwestern North America, including Minnesota. It is easily identified by the bright yellow or green body with four black stripes and the orange head. It can be seen from May to July in meadows, gardens, agricultural fields, and around homes. Four-lined plant bug is considered a pest due to the damage it causes to ornamental plants. Adults and larvae feed on the leaves of herbaceous plants, especially those in the mint and aster families. Leaf damage appears as small, 1 ⁄16″ or less in diameter, light or dark spots on the leaf surface. The color of the spot varies with the species of the host plant. The spots are collapsed leaf tissue which eventually falls out leaving small holes. Larvae cause more leaf damage than adults. |
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| Photo by Alfredo Colon | ||||
Citrus flatid planthopper |
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A planthopper is an insect in the superfamily Fulgoroidea that resembles a leaf in its environment. It often hops, like a grasshopper, for transportation, but usually walks slowly to avoid detection. There are more than 12,500 planthopper species worldwide. Citrus flatid planthopper (Metcalfa pruinosa) is native and very common in eastern North America. It has been introduced into southern Europe and is now an invasive species of concern in orchards and vineyards there. It feeds on a wide variety of woody species including maple, elm, willow, black locust, dogwood, hawthorn, elder, grape, and raspberry. The body of citrus flatid planthopper is flattened laterally, giving it a wedge-shaped appearance when viewed from above. The wings and body are moderately to densely covered with a mealy, bluish-white, waxy powder. When at rest, the wings are tent-like, almost vertically, over the body. There are two dark spots on the basal half of each forewing. |
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Masked hunter |
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Masked hunter (Reduvius personatus) is native to Europe and was accidentally introduced into North America. It is now common in eastern and central North America, including Minnesota, but has been reported across the continent. Masked hunter inhabits woodlands but is often found in human homes. It eats bed bugs and other small insects, spiders, centipedes, and millipedes. It is active at night and hides during the day. If handled or trapped between clothing and skin, it can deliver a painful bite. The swelling and stinging from the bite will last up to a week. At ⅝″ to ⅞″ in length, masked hunter is much larger than any otherwise similar assassin bugs in North America. |
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| Photo by Bill Reynolds | ||||
Other Recent Additions |
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two-spotted stink bug (Perillus bioculatus) treehopper (Cyrtolobus tuberosus) grousewinged backswimmer (Notonecta undulata) typical treehoppers (Subfamily Smiliinae) typical treehoppers (Family Membracidae) |
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| Photo by Babette Kis | ||||
This list includes only true bugs that have been recorded in Minnesota, but not all of the true bugs found in Minnesota. |
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Acanalonia bivittata (two-striped planthopper) Acanalonia conica (green cone-headed planthopper) Acanalonia spp. (acanaloniid planthoppers) Acanthocephala terminalis (leaf-footed bug) Acutalis tartarea (leafhopper) Acyrthosiphon dirhodum (grain aphid) Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) Adelges tsugae (hemlock woolly adelgid) Adelphocoris lineolatus (alfalfa plant bug) Aelia americana (stink bug) Aflexia rubranura (red-tailed leafhopper) Agallia quadripunctata (four-spotted clover leafhopper) Agalliopsis ancistra (leafhopper) Agalliopsis novella (leafhopper) Agnocoris rubicundus (plant bug) Aleyrodidae (whiteflies) Amaurochrous brevitylus (turtle bug) Anasa armigera (horned squash bug) Anasa tristis (squash bug) Aphis fabae (black bean aphid) Aphis gossypii (melon aphid) Aphis rumicis (dock aphid) Aphrodes spp. (leafhoppers) Aphrophora alni (European alder spittlebug) Apoecilus cynicus (brown and orange predatory stink bug) Archasia auriculata (eared treehopper) Arhyssus nigristernum (scentless plant bug) Atrazonotus umbrosus (umbrose seed bug) Attenuipyga vanduzeei (hill prairie shovelhead leafhopper) Atymna helena (treehopper) Atymna querci (treehopper) Banasa dimiata (Banasa stink bug) Banasa euchlora (juniper stink bug) Belostoma flumineum (giant water bug) Berytinus minor (common stilt bug) Boisea trivittata (eastern boxelder bug) Brevicoryne brassicae (cabbage aphid) Brochymena arborea (rough stink bug) Brochymena quadripustulata (four-humped stink bug) Capsus cinctus (plant bug) Carynota marmorata (marbled treehopper) Cedusa incisa (derbid planthopper) Cedusa maculata (derbid planthopper) Cedusa spp. (derbid planthoppers) Cedusa vulgaris (derbid planthopper) Ceratagallia sanguinolenta (clover leafhopper) Chaitophorus populicola (smoky poplar aphid) Chinavia hilaris (green stink bug) Chlorochroa persimilis (stink bug) Cicadellidae (typical leafhoppers) Clastoptera obtusa (alder spittlebug) Clastoptera proteus (dogwood spittlebug) Closterotomus norwegicus (potato mirid) Coenus delius (stink bug) Colladonus clitellarius (saddleback leafhopper) Colladonus montanus (leafhopper) Colladonus waldanus (leafhopper) Corythucha arcuata (oak lace bug) Corythucha celtidis (hackberry lace bug) Corythucha ciliata (eastern sycamore lace bug) Corythucha cydoniae (hawthorn lace bug) Corythucha juglandis (walnut lace bug) Corythucha marmorata (chrysanthemum lace bug) Corythucha mollicula (lace bug) Corythucha pallipes (birch lace bug) Corythucha pergandei (alder lace bug) Cosmopepla lintneriana (twice-stabbed stink bug) Cyrtolobus discoidalis (treehopper) Cyrtolobus dixianus (treehopper) Cyrtolobus fuliginosus (treehopper) Cyrtolobus fuscipennis (treehopper) Cyrtolobus griseus (treehopper) Cyrtolobus maculifrontis (treehopper) Cyrtolobus pallidifrontis (treehopper) Cyrtolobus puritanus (treehopper) Cyrtolobus spp. (treehoppers) Cyrtolobus tuberosus (treehopper) Cyrtolobus vau (treehopper) Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (grape phylloxera) Dendrocoris humeralis (stink bug) Doratura stylata (leafhopper) Draeculacephala antica (green sharpshooter) Elasmostethus atricornis (shield bug) Elasmostethus cruciatus (red-cross shield bug) Elasmucha lateralis (shield bug) Enchenopa binotata (two-marked treehopper) Enchenopa latipes (widefooted treehopper) Entylia carinata (keeled treehopper) Eriosoma lanigerum (woolly apple ahpid) Eriosomatinae (woolly aphids and gall-making aphids) Errastunus ocellaris (leafhopper) Eurygaster alternata (shield-backed bug) Euschistus ictericus (stink bug) Euschistus servus (brown stink bug) Euschistus tristigmus luridus (dusky stink bug) Euschistus variolarius (one-spotted stink bug) Euthochtha galeator (helmeted squash bug) Fieberiella florii (privet leafhopper) Flatormenis proxima (northern flatid planthopper) Geotomini (burrowing bugs) Gerridae (water striders) Glossonotus crataegi (quince treehopper) Graphocephala coccinea (red-banded leafhopper) Graphocephala teliformis (sharpshooter) Gyponana gladia (leafhopper) Gyponana octolineata (eight-lined leafhopper) Gyponana subgenus Gyponana (leafhopper) Halyomorpha halys (brown marmorated stink bug) Holcostethus limbolarius (stink bug) Homaemus aeneifrons (shield-backed bug) Homaemus bijugis (shield-backed bug) Hoplistoscelis pallescens (damsel bug) Hyadaphis tataricae (honeysuckle aphid) Hyaliodes vitripennis (plant bug) Ilnacora malina (green plant bug) Ilnacora stalii (plant bug) Jalysus wickhami (spined stilt bug) Japananus hyalinus (Japanese maple leafhopper) Jikradia olitoria olitoria (coppery leafhopper) Kleidocerys resedae (birch catkin bug) Leptoglossus clypealis (western leaf-footed bug) Leptoglossus occidentalis (western conifer seed bug) Leptopterna dolabrata (meadow plant bug) Leptopterna ferrugata (plant bug) Lethocerus americanus (American giant water bug) Limnoporus dissortis (water strider) Lipaphis erysimi (turnip aphid) Livia maculipennis (psyllid gall on Juncus) Lopidea spp. (scarlet plant bugs) Lygaeus kalmii (small milkweed bug) Lygaeus turcicus (false milkweed bug) Lygus lineolaris (tarnished plant bug) Macrosiphum euphorbiae (potato aphid) Macrosteles clavatus (caped leafhopper) Macrosteles fascifrons (six-spotted leafhopper) Mecidea major (narrow stink bug) Megaloceroea recticornis (long thin plant bug) Megalotomus quinquespinosus (lupine bug) Melaphis rhois (sumac gall aphid) Melittia cucurbitae (squash vine borer) Membracidae (typical treehoppers) Menecles insertus (stink bug) Metcalfa pruinosa (citrus flatid planthopper) Metriorrhynchomiris dislocatus (plant bug) Microporus nigrita (black ground bug) Microtechnites bractatus (garden fleahopper) Micrutalis calva (honeylocust treehopper) Mindarus abietinus (balsam twig aphid) Mormidea lugens (stink bug) Nabis alternatus (damsel bug) Nabis americoferus (common damsel bug) Nabis americolimbatus (damsel bug) Nabis roseipennis (damsel bug) Nabis rufusculus (short-winged nabis) Nabis subcoleoptratus (black damsel bug) Neacoryphus bicrucis (whitecrossed seed bug) Nearctaphis crataegifoliae (aphid) Neolygus alni (plant bug) Neolygus atritylus (plant bug) Neolygus belfragii (plant bug) Neolygus canadensis (plant bug) Neolygus caryae (plant bug) Neolygus communis (pear plant bug) Neolygus hirticulus (plant bug) Neolygus inconspicuus (plant bug) Neolygus invitus (plant bug) Neolygus omnivagus (plant bug) Neolygus quercalbae (plant bug) Neolygus semivittatus (plant bug) Neolygus tiliae (plant bug) Neolygus viburni (plant bug) Neolygus vitticollis (plant bug) Neoplea striola (pygmy backswimmer) Neotibicen canicularis (dog day cicada) Neotibicen linnei (Linne’s cicada) Neotibicen pronotalis (Walker’s cicada) Neotibicen spp. (dog day cicadas) Neottiglossa undata (stink bug) Nepa apiculata (waterscorpion) Neurocolpus jessiae (plant bug) Neurocolpus nubilus (clouded plant bug) Neurocolpus spp. (plant bugs) Notonecta borealis (backswimmer) Notonecta irrorata (backswimmer) Notonecta lunata (backswimmer) Notonecta undulata (grousewinged backswimmer) Okanagana balli (prairie cicada) Okanagana canadensis (Canadian cicada) Okanagana rimosa (Say’s Cicada) Oncopeltus fasciatus (large milkweed bug) Oncopsis sobria (leafhopper) Oncopsis spp. (leafhoppers) Pachypsylla celtidismamma (hackberry nipplegall maker) Pangaeus bilineatus (peanut burrowing bug) Paraxenetus guttulatus (plant bug) Pemphigus bursarius (lettuce root aphid) Pemphigus populicaulis (poplar leaf-base gall) Pemphigus populitransversus (poplar petiolegall aphid) Penthimia americana (leafhopper) Perillus bioculatus (two-spotted stink bug) Perillus circumcinctus (predatory stink bug) Philaenus spumarius (meadow spittlebug) Phimodera binotata (shield-backed bug) Phylloxera sp. (phylloxera gall of hickory) Phymata americana (jagged ambush bug) Phymata pennsylvanica (Pennsylvania ambush bug) Phymata spp. (jagged ambush bugs) Phytocoris eximius (plant bug) Phytocoris spp. (plant bugs) Phytocoris tibialis (plant bug) Pineus strobi (pine bark adelgid) Plagiognathus brevirostris (plant bug) Plagiognathus obscurus (obscure plant bug) Plagiognathus spp. (plant bugs) Podisus brevispinus (predatory stink bug) Podisus maculiventris (spined soldier bug) Podisus placidus (predatory stink bug) Podisus serieventris (predatory stink bug) Poecilocapsus lineatus (four-lined plant bug) Publilia concava (aster treehopper) Ranatra fusca (brown waterscorpion) Reduviidae (assassin bugs) Reduvius personatus (masked hunter) Scaphoideus spp. (leafhoppers) Scaphytopius (angustatus (leafhopper) Scaphytopius acutus (sharp-nosed leafhopper) Scaphytopius cinereus (leafhopper) Scaphytopius cuprescens (leafhopper) Scaphytopius frontalis (yellow-faced leafhopper) Scaphytopius laatus (leafhopper) Scaphytopius magdalensis (blueberry leafhopper) Scaphytopius spp. (leafhoppers) Sehirus cinctus (white-margined burrower bug) Sericophanes heidemanni (plant bug) Sinea diadema (spined assassin bug) Sinea spinipes (spiny assassin bug) Sitobion avenae (English grain aphid) Smilia camelus (camel treehopper) Smiliinae (typical treehoppers) Spissistilus festinus (three-cornered alfalfa hopper) Stenotus binotatus (two-spotted grass bug) Stictocephala diceros (two-horned treehopper) Stictocephala spp. (buffalo treehoppers) Stiretrus anchorago (anchor stink bug) Taedia scrupea (plant bug) Telamona ampelopsidis (Virginia creeper treehopper) Telamona monticola (treehopper) Telamona tiliae (basswood treehopper) Tetyra bipunctata (shield-backed pine seed bug) Thelia bimaculata (locust treehopper) Thyanta custator (red-shouldered stink bug) Trichopepla atricornis (stink bug) Uroleucon ambrosiae (brown ambrosia aphid) Uroleucon cirsii (large thistle aphid) Uroleucon erigeronense (large fleabane daisy aphid) Uroleucon helianthicola (aphid) Uroleucon nigrotuberculatum (red goldenrod aphid) Uroleucon rudbeckiae (goldenglow aphid) Uroleucon solidaginis (goldenrod aphid) Vanduzea triguttata (three-spotted treehopper) |
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_01.jpg "damsel bug (Nabis roseipennis)")
_01.jpg "derbid planthopper (Cedusa sp.)")
_01.jpg "leafhopper (Agalliopsis ancistra)")
_01.jpg "leafhopper (Penthimia americana)")
_02.jpg "leafhopper (Scaphytopius sp.)")
_01.jpg "plant bug (Neurocolpus jessiae)")
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Capitalization (or not) of Common Names
Insect scientific names are governed by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN). Vernacular (common) names are not. In an attempt to “assure the uniformity of (common) names of common insects” the Entomological Society of America (ESA) published Common Names of Insects and Related Organisms. ESA has no rule or guideline that addresses capitalization of common names. However, the database of common names published by ESA does not capitalize common names. Most other sources, including ITIS, BAMONA, Odonata Central, and the Peterson Field Guides, capitalize common insect names. MinnesotaSeasons.com will adhere to the convention followed by ESA.
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