maple spindle-gall mite

Maple spindle-gall mite is about 1 ⁄500″ to 1 ⁄125″ long and invisible to the naked eye. Under a microscope it appears spindle-shaped and white, with four legs near the front of the body.

Maple spindle-gall mite is most easily identified by the shape of the gall it produces and the plant species on which it is found. It is found exclusively on silver maple, red maple, sugar maple, and Norway Maple. The galls first appear in late spring. They are solitary, though there are usually many galls on a single leaf. They stand erect on the upper leaf surface. They are about 1 ⁄5″ in height, spindle-shaped, narrow, pointed at the tip, and slightly wider in the middle than at the ends. They are greenish-white when they first appear, turning pinkish or red, and then finally black. The galls are unsightly but the tree is otherwise undamaged.

Microscopic, about 1 ⁄500″ to 1 ⁄125″ long

This is the only mite that causes spindle-shaped galls on these host species. It is not found on other plant species.

Norway maple (Acer platanoides)

red maple (Acer rubrum var. rubrum)

silver maple (Acer saccharinum)

sugar maple (Acer saccharum)

Spring to summer. Empty galls in fall.

The adult overwinters in a crevice of the trunk or a branch. As leaf buds begin to swell in the spring the female emerges and begins feeding on a leaf bud. This causes the leaf to produce excess cells in the shape of a hollow spindle that rises above and stands erect on the leaf surface. The female then enters the hollow gall and deposits eggs. When the eggs hatch the young feed on the interior of the gall. In the summer the gall dries out. In fall the gall splits open. The adult emerges and searches for a site to overwinter.

Sources

7, 29, 30, 82.

Common

Order
The family Eriophyidae was formerly classified within the order Trombidiformes, specifically in the suborder Prostigmata. However, molecular phylogenetic analyses, beginning in the early 2010s, have strongly challenged this placement. Current research indicates that Eriophyidae represents a very ancient and basal lineage within the order Acariformes. While Acariformes was historically treated as a superorder by some classifications, it is now widely recognized as one of the two major orders of mites (along with Parasitiformes). Due to ongoing debates about their precise relationships with other mite groups, Eriophyidae is currently placed directly under Acariformes without being assigned to a specific suborder.

Maple Gall
Andree Reno Sanborn

Maple Gall
Andree Reno Sanborn

Location: Beltrami MN, Polk County