Minnesota Seasons - bastard toadflax


	Taxonomy
	Kingdom	Plantae (green algae and land plants)
	Subkingdom	Viridiplantae (green plants)
	Infrakingdom	Streptophyta (land plants and green algae)
	Superdivision	Embryophyta (land plants)
	Division	Tracheophyta (vascular plants)
	Subdivision	Spermatophytina (seed plants)
	Class	Magnoliopsida (flowering plants)
	Superorder	Santalanae
	Order	Santalales (snadalwoods, mistletoes, and allies)
	Family	Santalaceae (sandalwood)
	Genus	Comandra (comandras)

	Genus Comandra umbellata is the only species in the genus Comandra. Family In A revised classification of Santalales (Nickrent, D. L. et al. 2010) four new families were named that previously were included in the family Santalaceae. The new family Comandraceae would contain two genera: Geocaulon, with one species; and Comandra, with one species. The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group in stated in APG IV (2016) that alterations of APG III must await future resolution. GRIN, GBIF, and NCBI place Comandra in the family Comandraceae. USDA PLANTS, ITIS, iNaturalist, Plants of the World Online, and World Flora Online place it in the family Santalaceae.

	Subordinate Taxa
	bastard toadflax (Comandra umbellata ssp. umbellata) California bastard toadflax (Comandra umbellata ssp. californica) pale bastard toadflax (Comandra umbellata ssp. pallida)

	Synonyms


	Common Names
	bastard toadflax


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	Comandra umbellata FALSE TOADFLAX Frank Mayfield

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	MinnesotaSeasons.com Sightings

	Blue Devil Valley SNA Carver Park Reserve Cedar Mountain SNA Chimney Rock SNA Felton Prairie SNA, Bicentennial Unit Fort Ridgely State Park Foxhome Prairie Great River Bluffs State Park Grey Cloud Dunes SNA Hastings Sand Coulee SNA Helen Allison Savanna SNA John Murtaugh Memorial WMA Joseph A. Tauer Prairie SNA Kasota Prairie King’s and Queen’s Bluff SNA Lake Byllesby Regional Park Lake Carlos State Park Lost Valley Prairie SNA Mound Spring Prairie SNA, North Unit Murphy-Hanrehan Park Reserve Northern Tallgrass Prairie NWR, Rengstorf Unit Northern Tallgrass Prairie NWR, Spieker Unit Otter Tail Prairie SNA Paul Bunyan Savanna Prairie Creek WMA, Koester Prairie Unit Ripley Esker SNA St. Croix State Park Sandpiper Prairie SNA Savage Fen SNA Sedan Brook SNA Seven Sisters Prairie Seven Springs WMA Shooting Star Prairie SNA Spring Creek Prairie SNA Thorson Prairie WMA Tribute WMA Twin Valley Prairie SNA

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bastard toadflax