bittersweet nightshade

(Solanum dulcamara)

Conservation Status
bittersweet nightshade
 
  IUCN Red List

not listed

     
  NatureServe

NNA - Not applicable

SNA - Not applicable

     
  Minnesota

not listed

     
           
Wetland Indicator Status
     
  Great Plains

FACU - Facultative upland

     
  Midwest

FAC - Facultative

     
  Northcentral & Northeast

FAC - Facultative

     
           
 
Description
 
 

Bittersweet nightshade is a sprawling perennial vine that rises from rhizomes. It may be found trailing over adjacent shrubs and bushes. It often forms colonies.

Young stems are purple and are hairless or sparsely covered with straight, stiff, upward-pointing hairs. Older stems are brown and woody.

The leaves are alternate, triangular in outline, ¾ to 3 long, to 2 wide, on long, slender leaf stalks. Some are unlobed, others are divided into a large terminal leaflet and two small basal leaflets or lobes. The margins are untoothed. The upper surface is hairless or sparsely covered with straight, stiff, upward-pointing hairs.

The inflorescence is a 1 to 3 wide branched cluster of 6 to 12 flowers. The clusters are at the end of purple or violet, to 1½ long stalks arising from the leaf axils and at the end of the stems. The individual flowers are on nodding, closely-clustered stalks.

The flowers are to 1½ wide. There are 5 purple or violet petals that are widely spreading, eventually curving backward, and form no tube at the base. There are 5 stamens with large yellow anthers projecting from the center of the petals. The anthers are fused into a cone around the style. The style is longer than, and protrudes from, the anther cone.

The fruit is an oval, ¼ long berry, green when young, turning yellow, then orange, and finally bright red when ripe.

 
     
 

Height

 
 

Climbs 2 to 8

 
     
 

Flower Color

 
 

Purple or violet

 
     
 

Similar Species

 
     
     
 
Habitat
 
 

Moist. Thickets, clearings, wood openings.

 
     
 
Ecology
 
 

Flowering

 
 

June to September

 
     
 

Pests and Diseases

 
 

 

 
     
 

Toxicity

 
 

The berries are mildly poisonous, but the intensely bitter taste is enough to deter anyone.

 
     
 
Use
 
 

 

 
     
 
Distribution
 
 

Distribution Map

 

Sources

2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 22, 24, 28, 29, 30.

 
  2/20/2023      
         
 

Nativity

 
 

Native to Northern Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Indian Subcontinent. Introduced and naturalized in North America.

 
         
 

Occurrence

 
 

Common

 
         
 
Taxonomy
 
  Kingdom Plantae (green algae and land plants)  
  Subkingdom Viridiplantae (green plants)  
  Infrakingdom Streptophyta (land plants and green algae)  
  Superdivision Embryophyta (land plants)  
  Division Tracheophyta (vascular plants)  
  Subdivision Spermatophytina (seed plants)  
  Class Magnoliopsida (flowering plants)  
  Superorder Asteranae  
 

Order

Solanales (nightshades, bindweeds, gooseweeds, and allies)  
 

Family

Solanaceae (nightshade)  
  Subfamily Solanoideae (nightshades and allies)  
  Tribe Solaneae (nightshades and jaltomatas)  
 

Genus

Solanum (nightshades)  
  Subgenus Solanum  
  Section Dulcamara  
       
 

Subordinate Taxa

 
 

 

 
       
 

Synonyms

 
 

Solanum dulcamara var. dulcamara

Solanum dulcamara var. villosissimum

 
       
 

Common Names

 
 

bitter nightshade

bittersweet

bittersweet nightshade

blue nightshade

climbing nightshade

deadly nightshade

european bittersweet

fellenwort

woody nightshade

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Glossary

Axil

The upper angle where the leaf stalk meets the stem.

 
 
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Alfredo Colon

 
    bittersweet nightshade   bittersweet nightshade  
 

Robert Briggs

 
 

Bittersweet Nightshade at Whitetail Woods Park.

 
    bittersweet nightshade      
 

Wayne Rasmussen

 
    bittersweet nightshade      
           
 
MinnesotaSeasons.com Photos
 
 

Vine

 
    bittersweet nightshade      
           
 

Inflorescence

 
    bittersweet nightshade      
           
 

Flower

 
    bittersweet nightshade      
           
 

Infructescence

 
    bittersweet nightshade      
           
 

Leaves

 
    bittersweet nightshade      

 

Camera

     
 
Slideshows
 
  Solanum dulcamara - Bittersweet Nightshade
Virens (Latin for greening)
 
  Solanum dulcamara - Bittersweet Nightshade  
 
About

Solanaceae - Nightshade family.

All parts of the plants are toxic. Bittersweet nightshade is a an invasive perennial plant native to Eurasia.

Source: WeedUS Database of Plants Invading Natural Areas of the US
www.invasive.org/weedus/subject.html?sub=6448

© 2009 Virens. All rights reserved.

 
  Woody Nightshade
Andree Reno Sanborn
 
  Woody Nightshade  
 
About

Solanum dulcamara

Woody nightshade is also known as bittersweet nightshade, dulcamara, felonwood, and felonwort. In the Middle Ages the name dulcamara was written more properly as Amaradulcis, and literally means "bittersweet". Felonwood and felonwort are not as sinister as they sound; felon is not referring to criminals, but rather to whitlow, which is inflammation of the toe or finger around the nail. The berries were used to sure this problem when other methods had failed. The plant was used for many medical conditions, including dissolving blood clots (in bruises), for rheumatism, fever, and as a restorative. Farmers used it as a charm around the necks of animals they thought to be under an evil eye. Bittersweet berries are red rather than black like deadly nightshade.
www.angelfire.com/realm/shades/plants/nightshade.htm .

 
  Solanum dulcamara (Bittersweet Nightshade)
Allen Chartier
 
  Solanum dulcamara (Bittersweet Nightshade)  
  Solanum dulcamara BITTERSWEET NIGHTSHADE
Frank Mayfield
 
  Solanum dulcamara BITTERSWEET NIGHTSHADE  
  Solanum dulcamara L.
Aina Font
 
   
 
About

Published on May 12, 2013

Plants of future: http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Solanum+dulcamara
GRIN - Taxonomic information: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?101313

 

 

slideshow

       
 
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Other Videos
 
  Solanum dulcamara, woody nightshade
John Robertson
 
   
 
About

Uploaded on Sep 2, 2008

The beautiful red berries are capable of causing death if you eat too many. But the name gives the clue to why so few people are killed by its poisons.

   
  MyNature Apps; Identifying Bittersweet Nightshade, Solanum dulcamara
MyNatureApps
 
   
 
About

Uploaded on Jul 4, 2011

How to identify Bittersweet Nightshade, Solanum dulcamara also known as bitter nightshade, blue bindweed, Amara Dulcis, climbing nightshade, fellenwort, felonwood, poisonberry, poisonflower, scarlet berry, snakeberry, trailing bittersweet, trailing nightshade, violet bloom, woody nightshade and deadly nightshade. www.mynatureapps.com,

   
  Bittersweet Nightshade (Solanum Dulcamara) - 2012-06-13
W3stlander
 
   
 
About

Published on Jun 15, 2012

Solanum dulcamara, also known as bittersweet, bittersweet nightshade, bitter nightshade, blue bindweed, Amara Dulcis, climbing nightshade, fellenwort, felonwood, poisonberry, poisonflower, scarlet berry, snakeberry, trailing bittersweet, trailing nightshade, violet bloom, or woody nightshade, is a species of vine in the potato genus Solanum, family Solanaceae.

------------
Bitterzoet (Solanum dulcamara) is een vrij algemeen voorkomende, vaste plant uit de nachtschadefamilie (Solanaceae). Volksnamen zijn dolbessen-hout, elf-rank, hoe-langer-hoe-liever, klimmende nachtschade en qualster.

   
  Solanum dulcamara
wetvideocamera
 
   
 
About

Published on Jun 10, 2013

European Bittersweet is a Eurasian species that has established itself in North America. It is distantly related to both the potato and the tomato. The berries and leaves are mildly poisonous and pose a hazard to livestock. It is also related to the nightshades which can be very poisonous.

   
  Toxic Berries of Climbing Nightshade
Journey Outdoors
 
   
 
About

Published on Nov 13, 2012

The first video in my series on toxic wild plants and berries to avoid when foraging. This plant is very dangerous to ingest and is important to know how to identify for all woodsman and survivalists. (Solanum dulcamara)

   

 

Camcorder

 
 
Visitor Sightings
 
           
 

Report a sighting of this plant.

 
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  Diana Dragovich
9/16/2020

Location: Rosemount, MN

creeping on fence and in lilac bushes

   
  Alfredo Colon
8/21/2019

Location: Woodbury, Minnesota

bittersweet nightshade  
  Alfredo Colon
8/2/2019

Location: Woodbury, Minnesota

bittersweet nightshade  
  Chris Kelly
7/25/2017

Location: NE Brainerd, Crow Wing County, Minnesota

Spotted the purple flowers among the large grapevine on my backyard chainlink fence. Read that the berries can be toxic to dogs, so I removed it. The vines were about 10 feet long, emanating from a woody stock of about 8 branches.

 
  Joe Krause
7/23/2017

Location: International Falls

this has been growing at my home since I purchased it in 2010, I didn't know what it was.

 
  Robert Briggs
11/5/2016

Location: Whitetail Woods Regional Park

bittersweet nightshade  
  Wayne Rasmussen
7/19/2016

Location: Keller Regional Park

bittersweet nightshade  
  Mike
7/13/2014

Location: East of Royalton Mn

Found out what it was and sprayed with Round-Up

   
           
 
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