St. Croix Savanna SNA
About • Location • Activities • Ecology
About |
Ownership |
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Links |
Overview |
This 148-acre Scientific and Natural Area offers a diversity of habitats just minutes away from the Twin Cities. On the south part of the site there is a high quality oak savanna on a steep, southwest facing hillside. An oak woodland bordering an intermittent stream forms the southwest boundary. On the west, an upland prairie is undergoing restoration on a former gravel pit. The isolated north sections are on an oak forested river bluff. |
History |
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Management |
In 2005 the Minnesota DNR began reestablishing prairie larkspur on the site. The effort has proved successful. In 2013 volunteers participated in a day of buckthorn removal. In June 2014, and again in June 2020, leafy spurge was was treated with herbicide. |
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Location |
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Size |
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154 acres |
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Driving Directions |
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Parking |
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There are two designated parking locations for this SNA. The first is a hard-packed area at the end of Prairie Way S. near the northwest boundary (north parking). North parking (Prairie Way S.) The second parking spot is the shoulder of MN Hwy 95 near the southeast boundary (south parking). MN Hwy 95 is a busy highway. The guard rail that had prevented vehicles from pulling off of the pavement has been removed. Nevertheless, parking on MN Hwy 95 is not recommended. South parking (paved shoulder of MN Hwy. 95) |
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Maps |
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Printable Map(s) with GPS coordinates |
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Activities |
Hiking, nature photography, Birding |
Hiking Trails |
No maintained trails. There is an access road, basically two worn tire tracks in the grass, that leads from the north parking area, around the prairie reconstruction (see the Detail map [MN DNR] above), and through the oak woodlands, to the bluff near the southeast corner of the SNA. In June 2020 this road appeared to have been mowed (see photos below). The “road” skirts the west side of the prairie reconstruction, and a well-worn footpath skirts the east side, providing a loop around this part of the SNA. |
Hunting |
No hunting |
Ecology |
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Ecological Classification |
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| Ecological Province |  |
Eastern Broadleaf Forest Province |
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Minnesota & NE Iowa Morainal |
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St. Paul-Baldwin Plains and Moraines |
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| Land Type Association | Stillwater Alluvial Plain |
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Native Plant Communities* |
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Dry Sand - Gravel Oak Savanna (Southern) |
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| * Source: The Minnesota Biological Survey, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Division of Ecological Resources | |||||
Natural Features |
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Visitor Photos |
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MinnesotaSeasons.com Photos |
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North parking |
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Wood routed sign, north parking |
Interpretive sign, north parking | |
This photo was taken in 2014. In 2020 the sign is hidden by a dense stand of smooth simac. |
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South parking |
Wood routed sign, south parking | |
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Former gravel pit |
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Prairie reconstruction on former agricultral field |
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Oak woodland |
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Dry Sand - Gravel Oak Savanna (Southern) |
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Bluff prairie |
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Slideshows |
St. Croix Savanna SNA |
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About
The St. Croix Savanna occurs along the top and side of a south-facing bluff, with views of the St. Croix River. Its slopes of loamy sand have eroded extensively, their soils now supporting an alluvial forest along the bottom. Scattered bur oak and pin oak on the open gravel prairie become increasingly dense toward the northeast and northwest, forming first oak woodland and then oak forest. |
Visitor Videos |
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Other Videos |
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St Croix Savanna SNA |
About
May 20, 2020 Enjoy the sounds and sights of St. Croix Savanna Scientific and Natural Area. This hidden gem is conveniently located along Hwy. 95, just south of Bayport, Minnesota. Join water educator Angie Hong as she hikes through hill prairie and oak savanna, sharing wildflowers in bloom along the way |
St Croix Savanna Scientific and Natural Area Virtual Hike |
About
Jun 11, 2020 Just south of Stillwater, St. Croix Savanna Scientific and Natural Area sits high above the St. Croix River. Raptors soaring overhead along the river valley is a common site here! This is one of the best remaining examples of hill prairie and oak savanna in the state. Though you may not visit this SNA in person, it is rewarding to know that we, as Minnesotans, have together protected this important habitat for the rare and wild in Minnesota. mndnr.gov/snas/sna01061 |
Visitor Sightings |
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MinnesotaSeasons.com Sightings |
Visits |
6/19/2005 6/14/2006 6/17/2014 6/11/2020 |
Bacteria, Viruses, and Other Pathogens |
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| apical chlorosis of Canada thistle (Pst) (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis) |  |
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Fungi and Lichens |
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Artist’s Conk (Ganoderma applanatum) |
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Insects and Arachnids |
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American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis) common eastern bumble bee (Bombus impatiens) common green darner (Anax junius) common ringlet (Coenonympha tullia) common whitetail (Plathemis lydia) common wood nymph (Cercyonis pegala) coral-winged grasshopper (Pardalophora apiculata) dot-tailed whiteface (Leucorrhinia intacta) eastern tiger swallowtail (Papilio glaucus) elm finger gall mite (Aceria parulmi) four-spotted skimmer (Libellula quadrimaculata) goldenrod bunch gall midge (Rhopalomyia solidaginis) goldenrod gall fly (Eurosta solidaginis) great spangled fritillary (Argynnis cybele) least skipper (Ancyloxypha numitor) little wood satyr (Megisto cymela) mourning cloak (Nymphalis antiopa) northern cloudywing (Thorybes pylades) northern crescent (Phyciodes cocyta) orange sulphur (Colias eurytheme) plum finger gall mite (Eriophyes emarginatae) pronghorn clubtail (Gomphus graslinellus) racket-tailed emerald (Dorocordulia libera) red saddlebags (Tramea onusta) red-blue checkered beetle (Trichodes nutalli) red-spotted purple (Limenitis arthemis astyanax) silver-spotted skipper (Epargyreus clarus) speckle-winged rangeland grasshopper (Arphia conspersa) sumac stem borer (Oberea ocellata) twelve-spotted skimmer (Libellula pulchella) white snakeroot leaf miner (Liriomyza eupatoriella) |
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Mammals |
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American red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus) |
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Plants |
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Minnesota Biodiversity Atlas and Minnesota Biological Survey Vegetation Releves Plant List |
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Plants frequently found in: |
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Allegheny blackberry (Rubus allegheniensis) alsike clover (Trifolium hybridum) American basswood (Tilia americana var. americana) American bittersweet (Celastrus scandens) American elm (Ulmus americana) American hazelnut (Corylus americana) American hog peanut (Amphicarpaea bracteata var. bracteata) American hophornbeam (Ostrya virginiana var. virginiana) American red raspberry (Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus) American stinging nettle (Urtica gracilis ssp. gracilis) American vetch (Vicia americana ssp. americana) annual fleabane (Erigeron annuus) asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) Balkan catchfly (Silene csereii) baneberry (Actaea sp.) big bluestem (Andropogon gerardi) bird’s-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus var. corniculatus) black bindweed (Fallopia convolvulus) black cherry (Prunus serotina var. serotina) black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) black medick (Medicago lupulina) black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis) black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta var. pulcherrima) black-seeded plantain (Plantago rugelii var. rugelii) bland sweet cicely (Osmorhiza claytonii) bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis) boxelder (Acer negundo var. negundo) bracted spiderwort (Tradescantia bracteata) bull thistle (Cirsium vulgare) bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa var. macrocarpa) butterfly weed (Asclepias tuberosa ssp. interior) Canada anemone (Anemonastrum canadense) Canada mayflower (Maianthemum canadense) Canada moonseed (Menispermum canadense) Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) Canadian honewort (Cryptotaenia canadensis) Canadian horseweed (Erigeron canadensis) Canadian tick-trefoil (Desmodium canadense) Canadian woodnettle (Laportea canadensis) candle anemone (Anemone cylindrica) cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) chokecherry (Prunus virginiana var. virginiana) clammy groundcherry (Physalis heterophylla) common blue violet (Viola sororia) common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica) common burdock (Arctium minus) common chickweed (Stellaria media) common cinquefoil (Potentilla simplex) common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale ssp. officinale) common evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) common false Solomon’s seal (Maianthemum racemosum var. racemosum) common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) common motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca ssp. cardiaca) common mullein (Verbascum thapsus ssp. thapsus) common plantain (Plantago major) common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) common St. Johnswort (Hypericum perforatum) common sheep sorrel (Rumex acetosella) common yarrow (Achillea millefolium) crown vetch (Securigera varia) Culver’s root (Veronicastrum virginicum) dame’s rocket (Hesperis matronalis ssp. matronalis) downy Parlin’s pussytoes (Antennaria parlinii ssp. fallax) downy phlox (Phlox pilosa ssp. fulgida) downy serviceberry (Amelanchier arborea) early figwort (Scrophularia lanceolata) early horse gentian (Triosteum aurantiacum var. aurantiacum) early meadow-rue (Thalictrum dioicum) eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana var. virginiana) eastern star sedge (Carex radiata) eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) field chickweed (Cerastium arvense) field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense) field pussytoes (Antennaria neglecta) field sagewort (Artemisia campestris ssp. caudata) field thistle (Cirsium discolor) fragrant bedstraw (Galium triflorum) garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) giant chickweed (Myosoton aquaticum) giant goldenrod (Solidago gigantea) giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) golden alexanders (Zizia aurea) gray dogwood (Cornus racemosa) gray-headed coneflower (Ratibida pinnata) Great Plains flat sedge (Cyperus lupulinus ssp. lupulinus) green milkweed (Asclepias viridiflora) ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea) hairy false goldenaster (Heterotheca villosa) hairy puccoon (Lithospermum caroliniense var. croceum) hairy vetch (Vicia villosa ssp. villosa) harebell (Campanula rotundifolia) heart-leaved four o’clock (Mirabilis nyctaginea) hedge bindweed (Calystegia sepium) hedge nettle (Stachys sp.) hoary alyssum (Berteroa incana) hoary frostweed (Crocanthemum bicknellii) hoary puccoon (Lithospermum canescens) hoary vervain (Verbena stricta) Illinois tick-trefoil (Desmodium illinoense) Indian hemp (Apocynum cannabinum) Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans) interrupted fern (Claytosmunda claytoniana) jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum) Japanese hedge parsley (Torilis japonica) June grass (Koeleria macrantha) Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis) kidney-leaved buttercup (Ranunculus abortivus) large-flowered beardtongue (Penstemon grandiflorus) large-flowered bellwort (Uvularia grandiflora) late goldenrod (Solidago altissima) late horse gentian (Triosteum perfoliatum) leafy spurge (Euphorbia virgata) Leonard’s skullcap (Scutellaria parvula var. missouriensis) little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium) long-leaved bluet (Houstonia longifolia) lyre-leaved rock cress (Arabidopsis lyrata ssp. lyrata) marijuana (Cannabis sativa var. sativa) Maryland black snakeroot (Sanicula marilandica) Mead’s sedge (Carex meadii) Missouri gooseberry (Ribes missouriense) Morrow’s honeysuckle (Lonicera morrowii) mountain blue-eyed grass (Sisyrinchium montanum var. montanum) narrow-leaved hawk’s-beard (Crepis tectorum) narrow-leaved hawkweed (Hieracium umbellatum) northern bedstraw (Galium boreale) northern lady fern (Athyrium filix-femina var. angustum) northern maidenhair (Adiantum pedatum) northern pin oak (Quercus ellipsoidalis) northern prickly ash (Zanthoxylum americanum) northern red oak (Quercus rubra) orange hawkweed (Pilosella aurantiaca) orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata ssp. glomerata) ostrich fern (Matteuccia struthiopteris var. pensylvanica) oxeye daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare) pagoda dogwood (Cornus alternifolia) palespike lobelia (Lobelia spicata) paper birch (Betula papyrifera var. papyrifera) path rush (Juncus tenuis) pineapple-weed (Matricaria discoidea) plains cottonwood (Populus deltoides ssp. molinifera) pointed-leaved tick-trefoil (Hylodesmum glutinosum) porcupine grass (Hesperostipa spartea) prairie blazing star (Liatris pycnostachya var. pycnostachya) prairie coreopsis (Coreopsis palmata) prairie dropseed (Sporobolus heterolepis) prairie fleabane (Erigeron strigosus) prairie larkspur (Delphinium carolinianum ssp. virescens) prairie smoke (Geum triflorum var. triflorum) prairie violet (Viola pedatifida var. pedatifida) prairie willow (Salix humilis) purple meadow-rue (Thalictrum dasycarpum) purple prairie clover (Dalea purpurea var. purpurea) quackgrass (Elymus repens) quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) Queen Anne’s lace (Daucus carota ssp. carota) recurved blackberry (Rubus recurvans) red clover (Trifolium pratense) reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) rough bentgrass (Agrostis scabra) rough false pennyroyal (Hedeoma hispida) round-headed bush clover (Lespedeza capitata) sandbar willow (Salix interior) Scribner’s panic grass (Dichanthelium oligosanthes ssp. scribnerianum) sideoats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula var. curtipendula) silky aster (Symphyotrichum sericeum) silvery cinquefoil (Potentilla argentea) slender beardtongue (Penstemon gracilis var. gracilis) slender willow (Salix petiolaris) smooth oxeye (Heliopsis helianthoides var. scabra) smooth rose (Rosa blanda var. blanda) smooth scouring rush (Equisetum laevigatum) spotted St. Johnswort (Hypericum punctatum) spreading dogbane (Apocynum androsaemifolium) stiff goldenrod (Solidago rigida ssp. rigida) stiff sunflower (Helianthus pauciflorus) sulphur cinquefoil (Potentilla recta) switch grass (Panicum virgatum var. virgatum) tall cinquefoil (Drymocallis arguta) tall thimbleweed (Anemone virginiana) tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus) Tatarian honeysuckle (Lonicera tatarica) timothy (Phleum pratense ssp. pratense) touch-me-not (Impatiens sp.) tower mustard (Turritis glabra) trailing wild bean (Strophostyles helvola) twoflower dwarfdandelion (Krigia biflora) upright carrionflower (Smilax ecirrhata) veiny pea (Lathyrus venosus var. intonsus) violet wood sorrel (Oxalis violacea) Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia) Virginia groundcherry (Physalis virginiana var. virginiana) Virginia pepper grass (Lepidium virginicum var. virginicum) Virginia stickseed (Hackelia virginiana) Virginia waterleaf (Hydrophyllum virginianum var. virginianum) western marbleseed (Lithospermum occidentale) western panic grass (Dichanthelium acuminatum var. fasciculatum) western poison ivy (Toxicodendron rydbergii) western ragweed (Ambrosia psilostachya) white campion (Silene latifolia ssp. alba) white clover (Trifolium repens ssp. repens) white prairie clover (Dalea candida var. candida) white sage (Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana) white snakeroot (Ageratina altissima var. altissima) wild bergamot (Monarda fistulosa) wild cucumber (Echinocystis lobata) wild geranium (Geranium maculatum) wild sarsaparilla (Aralia nudicaulis) winter cress (Barbarea vulgaris) wood anemone (Anemone quinquefolia var. quinquefolia) woodbine (Parthenocissus vitacea) woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca ssp. americana) woolly plantain (Plantago patagonica) yellow goat’s beard (Tragopogon dubius) yellow star grass (Hypoxis hirsuta) yellow sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis)
Acer negundo var. negundo (boxelder) Achillea millefolium (common yarrow) Actaea sp. (baneberry) Adiantum pedatum (northern maidenhair) Ageratina altissima var. altissima (white snakeroot) Agrostis scabra (rough bentgrass) Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed) Ambrosia psilostachya (western ragweed) Ambrosia trifida (giant ragweed) Amelanchier arborea (downy serviceberry) Amphicarpaea bracteata var. bracteata (hog peanut) Andropogon gerardi (big bluestem) Anemonastrum canadense (Canada anemone) Anemone cylindrica (candle anemone) Anemone quinquefolia var. quinquefolia (wood anemone) Anemone virginiana (tall thimbleweed) Antennaria neglecta (field pussytoes) Antennaria parlinii ssp. fallax (downy Parlin’s pussytoes) Apocynum androsaemifolium (spreading dogbane) Apocynum cannabinum (Indian hemp) Arabidopsis lyrata ssp. lyrata (lyre-leaved rock cress) Aralia nudicaulis (wild sarsaparilla) Arctium minus (common burdock) Arisaema triphyllum (Jack-in-the-pulpit) Artemisia campestris ssp. caudata (field sagewort) Artemisia dracunculus (tarragon) Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana (white sage) Asclepias syriaca (common milkweed) Asclepias tuberosa ssp. interior (butterfly weed) Asclepias viridiflora (green milkweed) Asparagus officinalis (asparagus) Athyrium filix-femina var. angustum (northern lady fern) Barbarea vulgaris (winter cress) Berteroa incana (hoary alyssum) Betula papyrifera var. papyrifera (paper birch) Bouteloua curtipendula var. curtipendula (sideoats grama) Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) Calystegia sepium (hedge bindweed) Campanula rotundifolia (harebell) Cannabis sativa var. sativa (marijuana) Carex meadii (Mead’s sedge) Carex radiata (eastern star sedge) Celastrus scandens (American bittersweet) Cerastium arvense (field chickweed) Cirsium arvense (Canada thistle) Cirsium discolor (field thistle) Cirsium vulgare (bull thistle) Coreopsis palmata (prairie coreopsis) Cornus alternifolia (pagoda dogwood) Cornus racemosa (gray dogwood) Corylus americana (American hazelnut) Crepis tectorum (narrow-leaved hawk’s-beard) Crocanthemum bicknellii (hoary frostweed) Cryptotaenia canadensis (Canadian honewort) Cyperus lupulinus ssp. lupulinus (Great Plains flat sedge) Dactylis glomerata ssp. glomerata (orchard grass) Dalea candida var. candida (white prairie clover) Dalea purpurea var. purpurea (purple prairie clover) Daucus carota ssp. carota (Queen Anne’s lace) Delphinium carolinianum ssp. virescens (prairie larkspur) Desmodium canadense (Canadian tick-trefoil) Desmodium illinoense (Illinois tick-trefoil) Dichanthelium acuminatum var. fasciculatum (western panic grass) Dichanthelium oligosanthes ssp. scribnerianum (Scribner’s panic grass) Drymocallis arguta (tall cinquefoil) Echinocystis lobata (wild cucumber) Elymus repens (quackgrass) Equisetum laevigatum (smooth scouring rush) Erigeron annuus (annual fleabane) Erigeron canadensis (Canadian horseweed) Erigeron strigosus (prairie fleabane) Euphorbia virgata (leafy spurge) Fallopia convolvulus (black bindweed) Fragaria vesca ssp. americana (woodland strawberry) Galium boreale (northern bedstraw) Galium triflorum (fragrant bedstraw) Geranium maculatum (wild geranium) Geum triflorum var. triflorum (prairie smoke) Glechoma hederacea (ground ivy) Hackelia virginiana (Virginia stickseed) Hedeoma hispida (rough false pennyroyal) Helianthus pauciflorus (stiff sunflower) Heliopsis helianthoides var. scabra (smooth oxeye) Hesperis matronalis ssp. matronalis (dame’s rocket) Hesperostipa spartea (porcupine grass) Heterotheca villosa (hairy false goldenaster) Hieracium umbellatum (narrow-leaved hawkweed) Houstonia longifolia (long-leaved bluet) Hydrophyllum virginianum var. virginianum (Virginia waterleaf) Hylodesmum glutinosum (pointed-leaved tick-trefoil) Hypericum perforatum (common St. Johnswort) Hypericum punctatum (spotted St. Johnswort) Hypoxis hirsuta (yellow star grass) Impatiens sp. (touch-me-not) Juncus tenuis (path rush) Juniperus virginiana var. virginiana (eastern redcedar) Koeleria macrantha (June grass) Krigia biflora (twoflower dwarfdandelion) Laportea canadensis (Canadian woodnettle) Lathyrus venosus var. intonsus) (veiny pea) Leonurus cardiaca ssp. cardiaca (common motherwort) Lepidium virginicum var. virginicum (Virginia pepper grass) Lespedeza capitata (round-headed bush clover) Leucanthemum vulgare (oxeye daisy) Liatris pycnostachya var. pycnostachya (prairie blazing star) Lithospermum canescens (hoary puccoon) Lithospermum caroliniense var. croceum (hairy puccoon) Lithospermum occidentale (western marbleseed) Lobelia spicata (palespike lobelia) Lonicera morrowii (Morrow’s honeysuckle) Lonicera tatarica (Tatarian honeysuckle) Lotus corniculatus var. corniculatus (bird’s-foot trefoil) Maianthemum canadense (Canada mayflower) Maianthemum racemosum var. racemosum (common false Solomon’s seal) Matricaria discoidea (pineapple-weed) Matteuccia struthiopteris var. pensylvanica (ostrich fern) Medicago lupulina (black medick) Melilotus officinalis (yellow sweet clover) Menispermum canadense (Canada moonseed) Mirabilis nyctaginea (heart-leaved four o’clock) Monarda fistulosa (wild bergamot) Myosoton aquaticum (giant chickweed) Oenothera biennis (common evening primrose) Osmorhiza claytonii (bland sweet cicely) Claytosmunda claytoniana (interrupted fern) Ostrya virginiana var. virginiana (American hophornbeam) Oxalis stricta (yellow wood sorrel) Oxalis violacea (violet wood sorrel) Panicum virgatum var. virgatum (switch grass) Parthenocissus quinquefolia (Virginia creeper) Parthenocissus vitacea (woodbine) Penstemon gracilis var. gracilis (slender beardtongue) Penstemon grandiflorus (large-flowered beardtongue) Phalaris arundinacea (reed canary grass) Phleum pratense ssp. pratense (timothy) Phlox pilosa ssp. fulgida (downy phlox) Physalis heterophylla (clammy groundcherry) Physalis virginiana var. virginiana (Virginia groundcherry) Pilosella aurantiaca (orange hawkweed) Pinus strobus (eastern white pine) Plantago major (common plantain) Plantago patagonica (woolly plantain) Plantago rugelii var. rugelii (black-seeded plantain) Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis (Kentucky bluegrass) Populus deltoides ssp. molinifera (plains cottonwood) Populus tremuloides (quaking aspen) Potentilla argentea (silvery cinquefoil) Potentilla recta (sulphur cinquefoil) Potentilla simplex (common cinquefoil) Prunus serotina var. serotina (black cherry) Prunus virginiana var. virginiana (chokecherry) Quercus ellipsoidalis (northern pin oak) Quercus macrocarpa var. macrocarpa (bur oak) Quercus rubra (northern red oak) Ranunculus abortivus (kidney-leaved buttercup) Ratibida pinnata (gray-headed coneflower) Rhamnus cathartica (common buckthorn) Ribes missouriense (Missouri gooseberry) Robinia pseudoacacia (black locust) Rosa blanda var. blanda (smooth rose) Rubus allegheniensis (Allegheny blackberry) Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (American red raspberry) Rubus occidentalis (black raspberry) Rubus recurvans (recurved blackberry) Rudbeckia hirta var. pulcherrima (black-eyed Susan) Rumex acetosella (common sheep sorrel) Salix humilis (prairie willow) Salix interior (sandbar willow) Salix petiolaris (slender willow) Sanguinaria canadensis (bloodroot) Sanicula marilandica (Maryland black snakeroot) Schizachyrium scoparium (little bluestem) Scrophularia lanceolata (early figwort) Scutellaria parvula var. missouriensis (Leonard’s skullcap) Securigera varia (crown vetch) Silene csereii (Balkan catchfly) Silene latifolia ssp. alba (white campion) Sisyrinchium montanum var. montanum (mountain blue-eyed grass) Smilax ecirrhata (upright carrionflower) Solidago altissima (late goldenrod) Solidago flexicaulis (zigzag goldenrod) Solidago gigantea (giant goldenrod) Solidago rigida ssp. rigida (stiff goldenrod) Sorghastrum nutans (Indiangrass) Sporobolus heterolepis (prairie dropseed) Stachys sp. (hedge nettle) Stellaria media ssp. media (common chickweed) Strophostyles helvola (trailing wild bean) Symphyotrichum sericeum (silky aster) Taraxacum officinale ssp. officinale (common dandelion) Thalictrum dasycarpum (purple meadow-rue) Thalictrum dioicum (early meadow-rue) Thlaspi arvense (field pennycress) Tilia americana var. americana (American basswood) Torilis japonica (Japanese hedge parsley) Toxicodendron rydbergii (western poison ivy) Tradescantia bracteata (bracted spiderwort) Tragopogon dubius (yellow goat’s beard) Trifolium hybridum (alsike clover) Trifolium pratense (red clover) Trifolium repens ssp. repens (white clover) Triosteum aurantiacum var. aurantiacum (early horse gentian) Triosteum perfoliatum (late horse gentian) Turritis glabra (tower mustard) Ulmus americana (American elm) Urtica gracilis ssp. gracilis (American stinging nettle) Uvularia grandiflora (large-flowered bellwort) Verbascum thapsus ssp. thapsus (common mullein) Verbena stricta (hoary vervain) Veronicastrum virginicum (Culver’s root) Vicia americana ssp. americana (American vetch) Vicia villosa ssp. villosa (hairy vetch) Viola pedatifida var. pedatifida (prairie violet) Viola sororia (common blue violet) |
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